The traditional method for studying non-stationary signals is spectrogram based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The well known limitation of the STFT is the inherent trade-off between time and frequency resolution. The Wigner-Ville (WV) distribution has the best time-frequency resolution, but its draw back is generating CROSS-terms. The MATCHING pursuit (MP) distribution based on using the Gaussian atom is always positive, does not include CROSSterm, and has convenient resolution. In this paper, we have shown in addition to the known properties, the MP distribution can also remove the additive noise inherently. On the other words, we are able to remove the noise just by limiting the algorithm iterations and without paying any additional cost. Although the MP distribution based on using the Gaussian atoms is always positive and it has convenient resolution, according to the MP the time marginal and the frequency marginal will not be obtained accurately. In this paper, it has been shown that by implementing the minimum CROSS entropy (MCE) technique according to the MP distribution as a priory positive distribution, the new extracted distribution has the most similarity to the MP distribution and it also satisfies the correct time and frequency marginal.

Introduction: The right use of BLOOD is necessary because of the high cost of correct BLOOD screening, BLOOD grouping, and CROSS match. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of the reserved and CROSS matched BLOOD before elective surgeries which were done in Bahman 22nd Hospital. It also aims at evaluating the standard guideline for ordering BLOOD.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 1380 to 1388 that evaluates evaluating 6145 files of the patients hospitalized in 22 Bahman 22nd Hospital for surgery during the years of 1380 to 1388. The elective operations include General surgery, Gynecology, orthopedic, ENT, Urology and Neurosurgery. The number of patients, the number of reserved and CROSS matched units and the number of transfused units was recorded for each group of patients collected in each groups. Finally, the number of reserved BLOOD units in that period of time and in each group was compared with the standard guideline. Also the number of transfused BLOOD units was evaluated. The ratio of CROSS matched to transfused BLOOD units lower than 2.5 was considered as standard. And The obtained data were analyzed, using with SPSS.Results: A total of 1557 BLOOD units of BLOOD were reserved for 772 patients.1305 units (66.47%) were CROSS matched, but just 126 units (8.1%) were transfused. The effective factors in increasing the possibility of transfusion were the ages<20 & >80 years old, Hb £ 12, the type of surgery and the surgeon. Although after the application of the guidelines in1385, there was 64.44% decrease in the rate of CROSS MATCHING rate due to the decrease in the number of patients who were CROSS matched, but the average of CROSS matched units for each patient did not change. The total of C/T index of the hospital decreased from 14.1 to 3.7.Conclusion: The appropriate correct BLOOD reserving can decrease the unnecessary BLOOD reserves, lower the pressure on BLOOD banking centers and prevent BLOOD wastage.

Background and Objectives: BLOOD reservation is done in many surgical operations because of the risk of bleeding. However, reservation should be based on a standard protocol so as to prevent BLOOD loss. In this study, we deal with the ratio and causes of unused BLOOD ordered from BLOOD bank in elective surgeries in Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in Tehran.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, a questionnaire was added to file records of patients who were candidates for elective surgery in Rasoul-e Akram Hospital during 2005. Questionnaires were filled out by the physicians who had ordered BLOOD after patients' discharge; these questionnaires were ultimately sent to BLOOD transfusion committee. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive statistic methods and SPSS version 11.5.Results: The total number of reserved BLOOD bags for elective surgeries was 8385 in one year out of which 1460 (17/4%) were transfused. The ratio of transfused CROSS-matched BLOOD was 3.12; the major reason for ordered BLOOD not to be used was incorrect surgical team estimation (44.6%).Conclusions: This study revealed that BLOOD reservation is not performed based on any definite protocol and it is necessary to control the reservation and use of BLOOD both qualitatively and quantitatively in medical centers.

Background: BLOOD and its products are the most precious resource to any healthcare institution, and the management of these limited resources is necessary to avoid wasting this precious gift. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the efficiency of BLOOD ordering and transfusion practices in healthcare institutions of southern Kerman province, Iran. Methods: This retrospective survey was conducted between March and September 2019. The information of admitted patients in seven healthcare institutions in southern Kerman province, for whom one or more units of BLOOD were requested, were collected. CROSS-match to transfusion (CT) Ratio, Transfusion Index (TI), and Transfusion Probability (T%) were calculated. Values of <2. 5, >0. 5 and >30% were taken as standards, for CT, TI, and T%, respectively. Results: On average, 1. 35± 1. 00 BLOOD units are requested for each patient. For 4777 patients, 5647 units CROSS-matched, and only 4789 units were transfused. The overall CT ratio, TI, and T% were calculated as 1. 17, 1. 00, and 90. 24%, respectively. The highest CT ratio was calculated for ICU and emergency departments, while the thalassemia center had the most desirable ratio. Conclusion: A desirable BLOOD ordering and utilization pattern was observed in the healthcare institutions of southern Kerman province.

Introduction: Planning for BLOOD request and balancing supply and demand are still contentious issues in hospitals and BLOOD transfusion centers. This study aimed to compare the safety and cost-effectiveness of two pre-transfusion tests for red BLOOD cells in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Method: In this descriptive-analytical CROSS-sectional study, patients undergoing surgery who required BLOOD transfusion during the operation were included via convenience sampling method. The necessary information for this study was collected using a researcher-made checklist consisting of two parts: background information, BLOOD bag information, and information related to potential complications. The cost estimation of the tests was also extracted using the records. The findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software (version 18), and the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 212 patients with a mean age of 44.98 years were included in the study. CROSS-match was performed for 108 patients (50.9%), and antibody screening test was used for 104 patients (49.1%). Regarding complications after BLOOD transfusion, at least one sign was observed in 12 patients (5.7%). Jaundice, fever, and itching were the most common symptoms. The CROSS-match to transfusion (C/T) ratio was higher than international standard criteria (5.25 vs. 2.5). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the safety and accuracy of both pre-transfusion methods were similar, and no significant difference was observed. However, the CROSS-match test was more cost-effective compared to the match antibody screening test.

< p >The various subject matters of jurisprudence (Fiqh) contain many religious laws limited by legal measures. In these cases, the correct recognition of the fulfillment of legal measure and the way it is performed by religiously competent person is an important matter. Four theories can be driven from the expressions of the jurists in this regard including rational precision, customary precision, customary negligence and statement in detail. When it is the matter of limitation, the customary precision is the criterion for recognition of duty, but considering the way of its performance the customary accuracy is acceptable. In addition, considering the recognition of the concept of measure, the customary negligence is considered to be harmless, but considering adapting an example to the concepts, it is not acceptable. Alongside these matters, scientific and experimental precision can also be studied. While quoting and criticizing the statements, this article prefers the statement in detail. In most cases, there is a deliberation and insistence on strict observance of the specified limits in the word of divine law which indicates the importance of a particular amount in the view of the Legislator and the tolerance thereof is rejected. However, in some cases, the method of confinement may be discovered from the language of reason or other evidences and that the substantiation of a particular amount is the detector of the actual realization of the subject of religious law. Therefore, in those cases, accuracy is not demanded.